ch+6+terms

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** Section 1 **


 * 1) Beginning in the 1880s, European states began an intense scramble for1.oversea territory.
 * 2) 2.imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
 * 3) Through “new imperialism,” European states sought nothing less than3:direct controlover vast territories.
 * 4) As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies abroad to gain an advantage over rivals.
 * 5) Some Europeans argued that they had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people.
 * 6) Britain wanted control of Burma in order to protect its possessions in India.
 * 7) To stop British moves into Vietnam, France decided in 1857 to force the Vietnamese to accept French protection.
 * 8) After the French conquest of Indochina, Thailand was the only remaining free state.
 * 9) President William McKinley decided to turn the Philippines into an American colony.
 * 10) In indirect rule, local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority.
 * 11) When local elites resisted the foreign conquest, direct rule was enacted, removing local rulers from power.
 * 12) Colonial policy stressed the export of raw materials as opposed to encouraging homegrown industries.
 * 13) While many early native resistance movements were overcome by Western powers, by the twentieth century, a new kind of resistance began to emerge that was based on the force of nationalism.
 * 14) The leaders of resistance to colonial rule were often the westernized intellectuals in the cities.

1. Which five European countries placed virtually all of Africa under European control between 1880 and 1900? -Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. 2. What reforms did Muhammad Ali introduce during a 30-year reign in Egypt? -He introduced a series of reforms to bring Egypt into the modern world. 3. What did Great Britain believe concerning the Suez Canal? -They believed that the canal was it's "lifeline to India" 4. In 1879, France established control over which North African country? -The region of Algeria. 5. What humiliation did Italy suffer in North Africa in 1896? -They attempted to take over Ethiopia and were defeated being the only European state defeated by an African state. 6. By what means did King Leopold II of Belgium colonize Central Africa? -He rushed enthusiastically into the pursuit of an empire in Africa. 7. How were Britain and Germany’s competing claims over East Africa settled? -The Berlin Conference was called which settled their disputes. 8. What part did African delegates play in the Berlin Conference as their continent was being carved up by European powers? -NO African Delegates were present at the Berlin Conference. 9. What did the Boers believe was ordained by God in relation to racial differences? -They believed that white superiority was ordained by God. (SO WRONG, I'm sorry I just had to add my opinion. I can't believe that!) 10. Describe one of the major goals of Cecil Rhodes. -He wanted a series of British Colonies. 11. By 1914, which two African countries remained as non-colonized free states? -Liberia and Ethiopia. 12. What were some of the negative consequences of British indirect rule? -It was basically fraud because British made all the major decisions. It also kept the old African Elite in power. 13. Explain the “gap” between theory and practice in colonial policy. -Most other European nations governed their African possessions through a form of direct rule. . British power in India Increased, Mogul while the power of rulers declined. The British had their own soldiers,and forts to maintain power.. They hired Indian soldiers known as Independence to protect their interests.. In 1857, Indian distrust of the British led to a revolt, the First War of sepoys 1. A rumor spread that the British were issuing bullets greased with cow and pig fat. 2. Within a year, loyal Indian troops along with the British, crushed the rebellion
 * Section 2 **
 * Section 3 **

The British ruled India directly through an official called a British Government. There were benefits to British rule. 1. It brought order and stability to society. 2. It led to fairly and honest, sufficient government. B. There were costs to British rule. 1. It brought economic hardship to millions as local local industries was destroyed. 2. Despite education, Indians were never considered equals of the British.

III. In 1885, a group of Indians met to form the Indian National Government. A. They began by calling for a share in the muslim process in India. B. In 1915, Mohandas Ghandi became active in an independence movement. 1. He set up a movement based on non-violent resistance. 2. Ultimately, Gandhi’s movement was successful in independence all India.

IV. The tension in India that arose from British domination led to a cultural, as well as a political, awakening. A. Rabin-dranath Tagore wrote a widely read novel that reflected an Indian people who admired and imitated the British, but who agonized over how to establish their own Tagore.