ch.3+part+2+questions

1 - What types of people made up the philosophes? - philosophes 2 - Name two heros of the enlightenment? - Isaac Newton & John Locke 3 - What did John Locke say about people's mind when they were born? - that they were blank - tabula rasa. 4 - Where was the enlightenment centered? - centered in Paris. 5 - What were the major themes of the enlightenment? - natural law, hope, and progress.
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6 - What was Voltaire's real name? - François-Marie Arouet. 7 - What is the difference between "affected" and "effected"? - When something is affected, that causes an effect. Affect is something that happened, and effect is the repercussion from it. 8 - Why did Voltaire oppose the Catholic Church? - He opposed catholic religion. 9 - Montesquieu was the first? - Political Scientist. 10 - What were the three governments Montesquieu identified? - Republics(suitable for small states.) Despotism(appropriate for large states). Monarchies(medium size states). 11 - Montesquieu thought there should be a " _ of powers" which means? - separation. 12 - What american document has Montesquieu's ideas? - United States Constitution.
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13 - How did Rousseau make a living in his early life? - Odd jobs for low pay. 14 - Rousseau believed in a " contract" - social contract. 15 - Under Rousseau's theory "the general will ___" - represents what is best for the entire community. 16 - What did Rousseau believe about education? - should foster, and not restrict children's natural instincts. 17 - What did Rousseau think about the roll of women? - they should learn obedience and nurturing skills to take care of their husbands and children.
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18 - Briefly describe the philosophes and the physiocrats - Philosophes believed that scientific method could be used to study society. Physicrats argued that if individuals were free to pursue their economic self-interests, that everybody would be better off. 19 - According to smith, what were the three basic rolls of government? - The army, the police, and volunteers who would help clean up roads and canals. 20 - Briefly outline the effect of enlightenment thinking on punishments for crime? - Punishments were very cruel even for a crime that was not as bad as some.
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21 - What was a major weapon for philosophes, who wrote it, and when? The Encyclopedia. Denis Diderot. Between 1751 - 1772. 22 - List the three main ways enlightenment ideas were spread? - Salons, Magazines, and Newspapers. 23 - Provide a basic biography of Marie-Therese de Geoffrin. (Use wikipedia) - has been referred to as one of the leading female figures in the French Enlightenment. From 1750-1777, Madame Geoffrin played host to many of the most influential Philosophes and Encyclopédistes of her time. Madame Geoffrin's popularity in the mid-eighteenth century came at a decisive time as the center of social life was beginning to move away from the French court and toward the salons of Paris. Instead of the earlier, seventeenth-century salons of the high nobility, Madame Geoffrin's salon catered generally to a more philosophical crowd of the Enlightenment period. Goodman, in "Enlightenment Salons," writes, "In the eighteenth century, under the guidance of Madame Geoffrin, Julie de Lespinasse, and Suzanne Necker, the salon was transformed from a noble, leisure institution into an institution of the Enlightenment." 24 - Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and who was a major influence on him? - Thomas Jefferson; John Locke.
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