Define:
decline - become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease
extraterritoriality - is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places, such as military bases of foreign countries, or offices of the United Nations
self-strengthening movement- a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers
spheres of influence - A territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation.
ensure - make certain that (something) shall occur or be the case
Open Door policy - the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
indemnity - security or protection against a loss or other financial burden
QUESTIONS
1. Give one important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty.
- One important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty was the intense external pressure applied to chinese society by the modern west.
2. What three things highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty?
- corruption, peasant unrest, and incompetance are the three things that highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty.
3. Explain what it means that the British had an unfavorable trade balance in China.
- They imported more goods from China than they exported to China.
4. What did the British trade with China to settle the unfavorable trade balance?
- After trying to trade silver with China failed, the British turned to trading opium.
5. When did the Qing dynasty make peace with Britain? - they made peace in 1842.
6. What factors led to the Tai Ping Rebellion? - Chinese government tried to modernize its military forces and build up industry without imposing on the basic elements of Chinese culture. Railroads, weapons factories, and shipyards were built, but the Chinese value system remained unchanged.
7. What did the Chinese government agree to in the Treaty of Tianjin? - They agreed to legalize the opium trade and open new ports to foreign trade.
8. What is meant by the term “self-strengthening”? -In its weakened state, the Qing court finally began to listen to reformers who supported a policy they called self-strengthening. They wanted China to adopt Western technology, but to keep its Confucian values.
9. How were spheres of influence created in China?
- After the Tai Ping Rebellion, warlords in the provinces began to negotiate directly with foreign nations. In return for money, the warlords granted these nations exclusive trading rights or railroad-building and mining privileges. In this way, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan all established spheres of influence in China.
10. What edicts did Guang Xu issue during the One Hundred Days of Reform?
- The emperor issued edicts calling for major political, administrative, and educational reforms. With these reforms, the emperor intended to modernize government bureaucracy by following Western models; to adopt a new educational system that would replace the traditional civil service examinations; to adopt Western-style schools, banks, and a free press; and to train the military to use modern weapons and Western fighting techniques.
11. What effect did the American Open Door policy have on the spheres of influence?
- It loosened restrictions on trade among the imperialist powers within the spheres.
12. What prompted the Boxer Rebellion?
- The intrusion of westerners, the Christian missionaries, and the weakness of the Qing dynasty. During some time in 1898, a group of Chinese people were fed up and sick of the way westerners were acting in their village. Thus in their outrage they killed the westerners and rallied up a numerous amount of other followers who had anti-foreign sentiment.
PART 2
Part 2-
Revolution in China SEE BEIJING IN 2012!Define: provincial, transition, commodity, integrate
provincial - of or concerning a province of a country or empire
transition - the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
commodity - a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.
integrate - combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole Identify: Sun Yat-sen, Henry Pu Yi, General Yuan Shigai.#1 - What were the three stages of reform proposed by Sun Yat-sen?
After the (1) Boxer Rebellion, Empress Ci Xi embraced a number of reforms in education, administration, and the legal system. Elections for a national (2) asssemblywere even held in 1910. The emerging elite were angry to discover that elected assemblies could not pass laws but could only give (3) advise to the ruler.
Sun Yat-sen developed a three-stage reform process that included a (4) military takeover, a transitional stage before democratic rule, and then finally a constitutional (5) democracy. In 1905 Sun united radical groups from across China; these groups became the (6) nationalist party. After the Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911, Sun’s party turned to (7) general Yuan Shigai, who controlled the army. With no new political or social order, the events of 1911 were less a revolution than a (8) collapse of the old order. General Yuan dissolved a new parliament, the Nationalists launched a rebellion, and Sun Yat- sen fled to (9) Japan. At the death of General Yuan in 1916, China slipped into (10) Civil war.
The coming of Westerners to China affected the Chinese economy by introduc- ing modern (11) transportation and (12) comunications, creating an export market and integrating the Chinese market into the nineteenth-century world economy. In this new economy, local industry was largely destroyed, and many of the (13) profits went to foreign countries rather than back into the Chinese economy. In 1800, daily life for most Chinese was the same as it had been for (14) centuries. A visitor to China 125 years later would have seen many people in the cities who were (15) educated and wealthy, affected by the growing presence of Western culture. (16) Intellectuals began to introduce Western books, paintings, music, and ideas to China. Western literature and art became popular in China, especially among the (17) urban middle class.
*~*~*~*~*~*~PART 3*~*~*~*~*~*~*
I. By 1800, Japan was isolated from all contact with the outside world.
A. The first foreign power to succeed with Japan was the United States .
B. Japan agreed to the Treaty of Kanagua , opening ports to Western traders.
II. The decision to open relations with the West was highly controversial in parts of Japan.
A. In 1863, the Sat-Cho was forced to promise to end relations with the West.
B. A Sat-Cho army attacked the palace in Kyoto in 1868 and declared the restoration of the authority of the Shogunate .
III. New leaders transformed Japan into a modern Imperialist nation.
A. Meiji reformers undertook a careful study of Western political systems.
B. Meiji leaders set up a new system of Land Ownership .
C. The new army was well equipped and military service was 3 years.
IV. The Japanese began their expansion in 1874.
A. Japan’s navy forced Koreans to open their ports to Japanese trade.
B. Japan went to war with both China and Russia.
C. The United States was the first to recognize Japanese rule of Korea.
V. The wave of Western ideas that entered Japan altered Japanese culture .
A. The Japanese were dazzled by European literature.
B. Technical specialists from Europe and the United States were invited to come to Japan and teach.
C. In 1889, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts was established.
D. Japanese culture became fashionable in Europe and North America
Define:
decline - become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease
extraterritoriality - is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places, such as military bases of foreign countries, or offices of the United Nations
self-strengthening movement- a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers
spheres of influence - A territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation.
ensure - make certain that (something) shall occur or be the case
Open Door policy - the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
indemnity - security or protection against a loss or other financial burden
QUESTIONS
1. Give one important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty.
- One important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty was the intense external pressure applied to chinese society by the modern west.
2. What three things highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty?
- corruption, peasant unrest, and incompetance are the three things that highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty.
3. Explain what it means that the British had an unfavorable trade balance in China.
- They imported more goods from China than they exported to China.
4. What did the British trade with China to settle the unfavorable trade balance?
- After trying to trade silver with China failed, the British turned to trading opium.
5. When did the Qing dynasty make peace with Britain? - they made peace in 1842.
6. What factors led to the Tai Ping Rebellion? - Chinese government tried to modernize its military forces and build up industry without imposing on the basic elements of Chinese culture. Railroads, weapons factories, and shipyards were built, but the Chinese value system remained unchanged.
7. What did the Chinese government agree to in the Treaty of Tianjin? - They agreed to legalize the opium trade and open new ports to foreign trade.
8. What is meant by the term “self-strengthening”? -In its weakened state, the Qing court finally began to listen to reformers who supported a policy they called self-strengthening. They wanted China to adopt Western technology, but to keep its Confucian values.
9. How were spheres of influence created in China?
- After the Tai Ping Rebellion, warlords in the provinces began to negotiate directly with foreign nations. In return for money, the warlords granted these nations exclusive trading rights or railroad-building and mining privileges. In this way, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan all established spheres of influence in China.
10. What edicts did Guang Xu issue during the One Hundred Days of Reform?
- The emperor issued edicts calling for major political, administrative, and educational reforms. With these reforms, the emperor intended to modernize government bureaucracy by following Western models; to adopt a new educational system that would replace the traditional civil service examinations; to adopt Western-style schools, banks, and a free press; and to train the military to use modern weapons and Western fighting techniques.
11. What effect did the American Open Door policy have on the spheres of influence?
- It loosened restrictions on trade among the imperialist powers within the spheres.
12. What prompted the Boxer Rebellion?
- The intrusion of westerners, the Christian missionaries, and the weakness of the Qing dynasty. During some time in 1898, a group of Chinese people were fed up and sick of the way westerners were acting in their village. Thus in their outrage they killed the westerners and rallied up a numerous amount of other followers who had anti-foreign sentiment.
PART 2
Part 2-
Revolution in China SEE BEIJING IN 2012! Define: provincial, transition, commodity, integrate
provincial - of or concerning a province of a country or empire
transition - the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
commodity - a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.
integrate - combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole Identify: Sun Yat-sen, Henry Pu Yi, General Yuan Shigai.#1 - What were the three stages of reform proposed by Sun Yat-sen?
After the (1) Boxer Rebellion, Empress Ci Xi embraced a number of reforms in education, administration, and the legal system. Elections for a national (2)
asssemblywere even held in 1910. The emerging elite were angry to discover that elected assemblies could not pass laws but could only give (3)
advise to the ruler.
Sun Yat-sen developed a three-stage reform process that included a (4) military takeover, a transitional stage before democratic rule, and then finally a constitutional (5)
democracy. In 1905 Sun united radical groups from across China; these groups became the (6)
nationalist party. After the Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911, Sun’s party turned to (7)
general Yuan Shigai, who controlled the army. With no new political or social order, the events of 1911 were less a revolution than a (8)
collapse of the old order. General Yuan dissolved a new parliament, the Nationalists launched a rebellion, and Sun Yat- sen fled to (9)
Japan. At the death of General Yuan in 1916, China slipped into (10)
Civil war.
The coming of Westerners to China affected the Chinese economy by introduc- ing modern (11)
transportation and (12)
comunications, creating an export market and integrating the Chinese market into the nineteenth-century world economy. In this new economy, local industry was largely destroyed, and many of the (13)
profits went to foreign countries rather than back into the Chinese economy. In 1800, daily life for most Chinese was the same as it had been for (14)
centuries. A visitor to China 125 years later would have seen many people in the cities who were (15)
educated and wealthy, affected by the growing presence of Western culture. (16)
Intellectuals began to introduce Western books, paintings, music, and ideas to China. Western literature and art became popular in China, especially among the (17)
urban middle class.
*~*~*~*~*~*~PART 3*~*~*~*~*~*~*
I. By 1800, Japan was isolated from all contact with the outside world.
A. The first foreign power to succeed with Japan was the United States .
B. Japan agreed to the Treaty of Kanagua , opening ports to Western traders.
II. The decision to open relations with the West was highly controversial in parts of Japan.
A. In 1863, the Sat-Cho was forced to promise to end relations with the West.
B. A Sat-Cho army attacked the palace in Kyoto in 1868 and declared the restoration of the authority of the Shogunate .
III. New leaders transformed Japan into a modern Imperialist nation.
A. Meiji reformers undertook a careful study of Western political systems.
B. Meiji leaders set up a new system of Land Ownership .
C. The new army was well equipped and military service was 3 years.
IV. The Japanese began their expansion in 1874.
A. Japan’s navy forced Koreans to open their ports to Japanese trade.
B. Japan went to war with both China and Russia.
C. The United States was the first to recognize Japanese rule of Korea.
V. The wave of Western ideas that entered Japan altered Japanese culture .
A. The Japanese were dazzled by European literature.
B. Technical specialists from Europe and the United States were invited to come to Japan and teach.
C. In 1889, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts was established.
D. Japanese culture became fashionable in Europe and North America